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Updated on 19th October, 2023 , 5 min read
The convex lens is a lens that converges light rays that are parallel to its principal axis (i.e. converges incident rays towards the principal axis) and is relatively thick in the center and thin at the lower and upper edges. The edges are curved outward, not inward. It is used in front of the eye to sharply bend incoming light, causing the focal point to shorten and the light to focus properly on the retina.
When light passes through a convex lens, it is bent or refracted towards the center of the lens. The amount of bending depends on the curvature of the lens and the angle of incidence of the light. The angle of incidence is the angle between the incoming light ray and the normal, which is an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface of the lens.
The bending of light causes the light rays to converge towards a focal point on the opposite side of the lens. The distance between the center of the lens and the focal point is called the focal length. The focal length of a convex lens depends on the curvature of the lens and the refractive index of the material it is made of.
What are Lenses?
Lenses are spherical materials with one or more spherical surfaces. The two types of lenses bounded by two spherical surfaces are convex lenses (or converging lenses) and concave lenses (or diverging lenses).
In the case of a convex lens, there are six possible object positions:
The image formation by convex lenses can be demonstrated by:
The position of the object | The position of the image formed | The nature of the image formed | The relative size of the image formed |
At infinity | F2 is the second focus. | Real and inverted image | Highly diminished, point-sized image |
Beyond 2F1 | Between the second focus, F2, and 2F2 | Real and inverted image | Diminished image |
At 2F1 | At 2F2 | Real and inverted image | Same size as the object |
Between the first focus, F1, and 2F1 | Beyond 2F2 | Real and inverted image | Enlarged image |
At the first focus, F1 | At infinity | Real and inverted image | Infinitely larger than the size of the object, or a greatly enlarged image |
Between the first focus, F1, and optical center O | The resulting image will be on the same side as the object. | Virtual and erect image | Enlarged image |
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These are used for a variety of purposes in our day-to-day lives. For example,
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A convex lens creates a virtual image of an object that is kept between the focus (F1) and the lens’s optical center. As a result, based on the position of the object, it can generate both real and virtual images.
We can have a reduced inverted image, a small inverted image, an enlarged inverted image, and an enlarged erect image.
If the object is placed between the focus and the optical center and the distance between them is less than the focal length, the image formed in the convex lens is positive and virtual.
When parallel rays of light strike a convex lens, they converge and meet at a point on the other side. As a result, the convex lens is also known as a converging lens.
Some lenses converge light rays, while others diverge light rays. The light that enters our eyes must be focused at a single point.
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